Chinese Mugwort
I am harvesting a patch of Chinese mugwort today, it is both valuable and pesky! Keeps growing sideways into my garden, overtaking a new black currant bush as well as beloved oriental medicinal poppies. So, roots and all – some plants are coming out today - at the edges of its proscribed allotment. I will be making tinctures of root and leaves separately, as well as drying lots for teas, baths and moxabustion. Below are some resources and ideas for how to use this underrated ancient medicine…let me know if you need any, I have lots!!!
My Chinese mugwort is slightly different from common mugwort, but they are both medicinal
Scientific Name(s): Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant.
Common Name(s): Chinese mugwort
Common Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) is a perennial plant in the Asteraceae family. Commonly Known As
Mugwort is commonly used to treat many health conditions. Although there are preliminary studies that reveal mugwort's potential health benefits, there is not enough clinical research evidence to definitively support the safety and efficacy of mugwort for treating many health maladies, including:
Mugwort works against stagnation within the body as it promotes healthy circulation. Because of its ability to keep air passages open allowing blood and oxygen to flow more freely throughout the body.
Consuming mugwort has been known to show drastic improvements within cell growth, cardiovascular health, the decrease in blood clots, and leaving the body in an overall healthier state.
Promoting healthy circulation of blood and oxygen, therefore, is clearly a trigger to many other health benefits, including managing blood pressure and avoiding hypertension, as well as lowering the risk of heart attacks and other heart conditions.
Alleviates Fatigue and Insomnia
Mugwort has a way of restoring the body back to its natural functioning. It works in favor of sleep regulation so it alleviates fatigue and insomnia. As it is a natural energy booster, it helps one to stay alert during waking hours yet give the opposite effect during the night.
Because this herb actively balances hormones within the body, once this herb is taken on a habitual basis, sleep and wake cycles adjust accordingly.
Using it as oil, tea, tincture, or bath soak will alleviate the stressors and anxiety usually contributing to chronic fatigue and ultimately causing insomnia and other sleep disturbances.
Since ancient times, Chinese mugwort has been used in several applications. The plant is edible and can be used to make pastries, breads, dumplings, and cakes, and can be mixed with rice or processed into tea or wine. It has also been used as an air purifier and a mosquito repellent.4
In traditional Chinese medicine, the leaf has been used to treat asthma, malaria, hepatitis, and inflammation, as well as fungal, bacterial, and viral infections.5 The leaves have been used to treat tuberculosis, menstrual symptoms, and eczema, and are chewed to relieve cough.6, 7 Chinese mugwort is used in the traditional Chinese medicine therapy moxibustion to help heat the area being treated in acupuncture.4, 8
Historically, mugwort was used by the Romans, who are said to have planted it by roadsides, so that marching soldiers could put the plant in their shoes. This was done to relieve aching feet.
The parts of the mugwort plant that grow aboveground are used to make essential oil, which is composed of several therapeutic chemicals (including camphor, pinene, and cineole). This chemical composition has diverse health-promoting properties including the plant’s antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects.1_
Another chemical that has been extracted from mugwort is called artemisinin, which is thought to have antitumor activity.
In addition, the chemicals in mugwort are thought to stimulate the uterus to contract, promoting menstrual flow. These chemicals are thought to lend themselves to the labor process in childbirth. This may result in a reduction in the dose of oxytocin to stimulate labor contractions.
The roots of mugwort are used to make a tonic said to boost energy.
In ancient cultures, mugwort was smoked to promote vivid dreams. This is because mugwort is said to produce mild psychotropic effects during wakefulness. A psychotropic effect can be induced by a substance that impacts the mental state of a person.
Mugwort is considered a mild psychoactive herb (a substance that promotes effects such as sedation and euphoria).6_ Some people take it for its hallucinogenic effects.
Although study details are limited, 2 chemical constituents of Chinese mugwort inhibited platelet aggregation.31 A systematic review and meta-analysis of 4 trials (N=250) found a statistically significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (WMD, −4.91; P=0.0003) when A. vulgaris moxibustion was used in combination with antihypertensive medications compared to drug therapy alone. No adverse events were observed.37
CancerIn vitro and animal studies
Growth inhibitory activity is documented for leaf aqueous extracts against a variety of human cancer cell lines, including those in breast, lung, pancreas, and prostate tissues
Mugwort has been used in the practice of “moxibustion,” as part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Moxibustion involves rolling mugwort into sticks or cones, igniting it, then waving it over the area that is to be treated. This serves to stimulate and tonify the acupuncture point with heat and the herb's chemical compounds.
Although this procedure may sound primitive, there is clinical research evidence that backs the effectiveness of moxibustion and lends some credibility to the practice of moxibustion.2_ In fact, a systematic review, published in 2012, examined the effect of moxibustion on breech babies. The study authors explained that when combined with acupuncture, moxibustion may result in fewer cesarean births, and that the practice also reduced the need for oxytocin (a hormone that signals the uterus to contract during labor).2_
InteractionsThe flavones eupatilin and jaceosidin may potently inhibit drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 (eg, several antidepressants and antipsychotics, some antibiotic medications) and CYP2C9 (numerous analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, statin, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial medications)
Mild allergic symptoms to mugwort may include:
Feet are the foundation of the body’s energy system, yet they are an often overlooked part of the body.
One-quarter of the body’s bones are in the feet, and over 72,000 nerve endings. Six meridians (liver, gall bladder, kidney, bladder, spleen, and stomach) run through the feet, containing over 70 acupuncture points. Feet are also more subject to injury than any other part of the body.
The ancient Chinese compared the human body to a tree with your arms are the branches, your torso is the trunk, and your feet are the roots. When people age, one of the first things that weakens is their root, resulting in mobility issues.
Herbs for foot baths: Ginger, Safflower, Chinese Cork Tree, Shrubby Sophora, Aracea, Hottuyniae, Wild Chysanthemum, Cnidium, Angelica Sinensis, Large-Left Gentian
Ginger – Warms the body, helps with aches and pains, relieves colds with runny nose
Epsom salt – Alleviates constipation, reduces fatigue, improves sleep
Vinegar – Improves foot odor, prevents fungal infections, enhances circulation
Lemon juice – Works as a natural exfoliant to remove calluses
Mugwort – Good for tired and swollen feet (Roman centurions used mugwort inside their shoes to keep their feet healthy!)
The optimal time for foot baths is right before bed, which will have the added benefit of helping you sleep. The best way to follow up a foot bath is with sleep or a foot massage.
Resources:
https://www.verywellhealth.com/mugwort-benefits-side-effects-dosage-and-interactions-4767226#dosage-and-preparation
https://www.bestherbalhealth.com/mugwort-benefits/
https://www.drugs.com/npp/chinese-mugwort.html
Blog References by number
1. Lee MY, Doh EJ, Park CH, et al. Development of SCAR marker for discrimination of Artemisia princeps and A. argyi from other Artemisia herbs. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(4):629-633.16595892
2. Lee MY, Doh EJ, Kim ES, et al. Application of the multiplex PCR method for discrimination of Artemisia iwayomogi from other Artemisia herbs. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(4):685-690.18379063
3. Chen X, Yang YS, Tang JJ. Species-diversified plant cover enhances orchard ecosystem resistance to climatic stress and soil erosion in subtropical hillside. J Zhejiang Univ Sci. 2004;5(10):1191-1198.15362189
4. Li J, Zhao B. Safety concerns about the application of moxa. J Acupunct Tuina Sci. 2010;8(3):145-148.
5. Zheng X, Deng C, Song G, Hu Y. Comparison of essential oil composition of Artemisia argyi leaves at different collection times by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chromatographia. 2004;59(11/12):729-732.
6. Lan MB, Zhang YH, Zheng Y, Yuan HH, Zhao HL, Gao F. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Moxa (Artemisia argyi) leaf. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2010;19(6):1463-1469.
7. Samuel AJ, Kalusalingam A, Chellappan DK, et al. Ethnomedical survey of plants used by the Orang Asli in Kampung Bawong, Perak, West Malaysia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2010;6:5.20137098
8. Adams JD Jr, Garcia C, Lien EJ. A comparison of chinese and american Indian (chumash) medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010;7(2):219-225.18955312
9. Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Natural products: an evolving role in future drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem. 2011;46(10):4769-4807.21889825
10. Kim JH, Kim HK, Jeon SB, et al. New sesquiterpene-monoterpene lactone, artemisolide, isolated from Artemisia argyi. Tetrahedron Letters. 2002;43(35):6205-6208.
11. Ehrman TM, Barlow DJ, Hylands PJ. Phytochemical databases of Chinese herbal constituents and bioactive plant compounds with known target specificities. J Chem Inf Model. 2007;47(2):254-263.17381164
12. Lee SH, Kim HK, Seo JM, et al. Arteminolides B, C, and D, new inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase from Artemisia argyi. J Org Chem. 2002;67(22):7670-7675.12398488
13. Pan JG, Xu ZL, Ji L. Chemical studies on essential oils from 6 Artemisia species [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992;17(12):741-744, 764.1304756
14. Li N, Mao Y, Deng C, Zhang X. Separation and identification of volatile constituents in Artemisia argyi flowers by GC-MS with SPME and steam distillation. J Chromatogr Sci. 2008;46(5):401-405.18492349
15. Shoemaker M, Hamilton B, Dairkee SH, Cohen I, Campbell MJ. In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs. Phytother Res. 2005;19(7):649-651.16161030
16. Chung HK, Bae EK, Ji HJ, et al. An oligosaccharide fraction from Korean mugwort herb suppresses death of the mouse thymocytes in culture by down-regulating the Fas death receptor gene. Biotechnol Lett. 2003;25(18):1549-1553.14571981
17. Mazzio EA, Soliman KF. In vitro screening for the tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):385-398.18844256
18. Lee SH, Lee MY, Kang HM, et al. Anti-tumor activity of the farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors arteminolides, isolated from Artemisa. Bioorg Med Chem. 2003;11(21):4545-4549.14527550
19. Adams M, Efferth T, Bauer R. Activity-guided isolation of scopoletin and isoscopoletin, the inhibitory active principles towards CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells and multi-drug resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells, from Artemisia argyi. Planta Med. 2006;72(9):862-864.16881019
20. McGovern PE, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Wang W, Dukes F, Davidson T, El-Deiry WS. Anticancer activity of botanical compounds in ancient fermented beverages (review). Int J Oncol. 2010;37(1):5-14.20514391
21. Lv W, Sheng X, Chen T, Xu Q, Xie X. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis in human ovary cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2008;2008:394802.18769496
22. Kim MJ, Kim DH, Lee KW, Yoon DY, Surh YJ. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis in ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells through generation of reactive oxygen species. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1095:483-495.17404061
23. Jeong MA, Lee KW, Yoon DY, Lee HJ. Jaceosidin, a pharmacologically active flavone derived from Artemisia argyi, inhibits phorbol-ester-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 by blocking phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2 in cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1095:458-466.17404058
24. Lee HG, Yu KA, Oh WK, et al. Inhibitory effect of jaceosidin isolated from Artemisia argyi on the function of E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV 16. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(3):339-343.15814270
25. Nakasugi T, Nakashima M, Komai K. Antimutagens in gaiyou (Artemisia argyi levl. et vant.). J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(8):3256-3266.10956099
26. Seo JM, Kang HM, Son KH, et al. Antitumor activity of flavones isolated from Artemisia argyi. Planta Med. 2003;69(3):218-222.12677524
27. Han J, Anji H, Zhixue X, et al. Anti-fatigue effect of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi. Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Yixue Ban). 2005;26(3):373-374, 390.
28. Wenqiang G, Shufen L, Ruixiang Y, Yanfeng H. Comparison of composition and antifungal activity of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant inflorescence essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide. Nat Prod Res. 2006;20(11):992-998.17032625
29. Liao H, Banbury LK, Leach DN. Antioxidant activity of 45 Chinese herbs and the relationship with their TCM characteristics. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008;5(4):429-434.18955214
30. Jung DY, Park SW. Cytotoxicity of water fraction of Artemisia argyi against L1210 cells and antioxidant enzyme activities. Yakhak Hoeji. 2002;46(1):39-46.
31. Zhong Y, Cui S. Effective chemical constituents of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant for inhibition of platelet aggregation [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992;17(6):353-354, 383.1418579
32. Yin Y, Sun Y, Gu L, et al. Jaceosidin inhibits contact hypersensitivity in mice via down-regulating IFN-γ/STAT1/T-bet signaling in T cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;651(1-3):205-211.21093428
33. Ji HY, Kim SY, Kim DK, Jeong JH, Lee HS. Effects of eupatilin and jaceosidin on cytochrome p450 enzyme activities in human liver microsomes. Molecules. 2010;15(9):6466-6475.20877236
34. Yang H, Liu ZG, Han QG, Hou SB, Liang GZ. Purification and identification of major allergens in Artemisia argyi pollen. Zhonghua Weishengwuxue He Mianyixue Zazhi. 2005;25(1):73-77.
35. Lan MB, Li XH, Jiang HC, Zhang H, Yu YL. Developmental toxicity of volatile oil from Artemisia argyi on skeleton of embryo mice. Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi. 2010;24(6):521-524.
36. Bue L, Lauszus FF. Moxibustion did not have an effect in a randomised clinical trial for version of breech position. Dan Med J. 2016;63(2). pii: A5199.26836801
37. Yang X, Xiong X, Yang G, Wang J. Effectiveness of stimulation of Acupoint KI 1 by Artemisia vulgaris (Moxa) for the treatment of essential hypertension: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:187484.24744807
I am harvesting a patch of Chinese mugwort today, it is both valuable and pesky! Keeps growing sideways into my garden, overtaking a new black currant bush as well as beloved oriental medicinal poppies. So, roots and all – some plants are coming out today - at the edges of its proscribed allotment. I will be making tinctures of root and leaves separately, as well as drying lots for teas, baths and moxabustion. Below are some resources and ideas for how to use this underrated ancient medicine…let me know if you need any, I have lots!!!
My Chinese mugwort is slightly different from common mugwort, but they are both medicinal
Scientific Name(s): Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant.
Common Name(s): Chinese mugwort
Common Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) is a perennial plant in the Asteraceae family. Commonly Known As
- Artemisia
- Hierba de San Juan
- Armoise
- Vulgaris herba
- Felon herb
- St. John's herb
- Chrysanthemum weed
- Herbe royale
Mugwort is commonly used to treat many health conditions. Although there are preliminary studies that reveal mugwort's potential health benefits, there is not enough clinical research evidence to definitively support the safety and efficacy of mugwort for treating many health maladies, including:
- Colic
- Diarrhea, vomiting, constipation
- Gastrointestinal conditions
- Headache
- Epilepsy
- Irregular menstrual periods
- Anxiety
- Hypochondria (obsession with being ill)
- Fatigue
- Sleep problems
- Restlessness and irritability
- Depression
Mugwort works against stagnation within the body as it promotes healthy circulation. Because of its ability to keep air passages open allowing blood and oxygen to flow more freely throughout the body.
Consuming mugwort has been known to show drastic improvements within cell growth, cardiovascular health, the decrease in blood clots, and leaving the body in an overall healthier state.
Promoting healthy circulation of blood and oxygen, therefore, is clearly a trigger to many other health benefits, including managing blood pressure and avoiding hypertension, as well as lowering the risk of heart attacks and other heart conditions.
Alleviates Fatigue and Insomnia
Mugwort has a way of restoring the body back to its natural functioning. It works in favor of sleep regulation so it alleviates fatigue and insomnia. As it is a natural energy booster, it helps one to stay alert during waking hours yet give the opposite effect during the night.
Because this herb actively balances hormones within the body, once this herb is taken on a habitual basis, sleep and wake cycles adjust accordingly.
Using it as oil, tea, tincture, or bath soak will alleviate the stressors and anxiety usually contributing to chronic fatigue and ultimately causing insomnia and other sleep disturbances.
Since ancient times, Chinese mugwort has been used in several applications. The plant is edible and can be used to make pastries, breads, dumplings, and cakes, and can be mixed with rice or processed into tea or wine. It has also been used as an air purifier and a mosquito repellent.4
In traditional Chinese medicine, the leaf has been used to treat asthma, malaria, hepatitis, and inflammation, as well as fungal, bacterial, and viral infections.5 The leaves have been used to treat tuberculosis, menstrual symptoms, and eczema, and are chewed to relieve cough.6, 7 Chinese mugwort is used in the traditional Chinese medicine therapy moxibustion to help heat the area being treated in acupuncture.4, 8
Historically, mugwort was used by the Romans, who are said to have planted it by roadsides, so that marching soldiers could put the plant in their shoes. This was done to relieve aching feet.
The parts of the mugwort plant that grow aboveground are used to make essential oil, which is composed of several therapeutic chemicals (including camphor, pinene, and cineole). This chemical composition has diverse health-promoting properties including the plant’s antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal effects.1_
Another chemical that has been extracted from mugwort is called artemisinin, which is thought to have antitumor activity.
In addition, the chemicals in mugwort are thought to stimulate the uterus to contract, promoting menstrual flow. These chemicals are thought to lend themselves to the labor process in childbirth. This may result in a reduction in the dose of oxytocin to stimulate labor contractions.
The roots of mugwort are used to make a tonic said to boost energy.
In ancient cultures, mugwort was smoked to promote vivid dreams. This is because mugwort is said to produce mild psychotropic effects during wakefulness. A psychotropic effect can be induced by a substance that impacts the mental state of a person.
Mugwort is considered a mild psychoactive herb (a substance that promotes effects such as sedation and euphoria).6_ Some people take it for its hallucinogenic effects.
Although study details are limited, 2 chemical constituents of Chinese mugwort inhibited platelet aggregation.31 A systematic review and meta-analysis of 4 trials (N=250) found a statistically significant improvement in systolic blood pressure (WMD, −4.91; P=0.0003) when A. vulgaris moxibustion was used in combination with antihypertensive medications compared to drug therapy alone. No adverse events were observed.37
CancerIn vitro and animal studies
Growth inhibitory activity is documented for leaf aqueous extracts against a variety of human cancer cell lines, including those in breast, lung, pancreas, and prostate tissues
Mugwort has been used in the practice of “moxibustion,” as part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Moxibustion involves rolling mugwort into sticks or cones, igniting it, then waving it over the area that is to be treated. This serves to stimulate and tonify the acupuncture point with heat and the herb's chemical compounds.
Although this procedure may sound primitive, there is clinical research evidence that backs the effectiveness of moxibustion and lends some credibility to the practice of moxibustion.2_ In fact, a systematic review, published in 2012, examined the effect of moxibustion on breech babies. The study authors explained that when combined with acupuncture, moxibustion may result in fewer cesarean births, and that the practice also reduced the need for oxytocin (a hormone that signals the uterus to contract during labor).2_
InteractionsThe flavones eupatilin and jaceosidin may potently inhibit drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 (eg, several antidepressants and antipsychotics, some antibiotic medications) and CYP2C9 (numerous analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, statin, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial medications)
Mild allergic symptoms to mugwort may include:
- Hives
- Swelling of the lips, face or eyes
- Tingling of the mouth
- Headaches
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Wheezing
- Coughing
- Dizziness that does not go away
- Problems talking (hoarse voice)
- Swelling or constriction of the throat
- Difficulty breathing
- Noisy breath sounds
- Physical collapse
Feet are the foundation of the body’s energy system, yet they are an often overlooked part of the body.
One-quarter of the body’s bones are in the feet, and over 72,000 nerve endings. Six meridians (liver, gall bladder, kidney, bladder, spleen, and stomach) run through the feet, containing over 70 acupuncture points. Feet are also more subject to injury than any other part of the body.
The ancient Chinese compared the human body to a tree with your arms are the branches, your torso is the trunk, and your feet are the roots. When people age, one of the first things that weakens is their root, resulting in mobility issues.
Herbs for foot baths: Ginger, Safflower, Chinese Cork Tree, Shrubby Sophora, Aracea, Hottuyniae, Wild Chysanthemum, Cnidium, Angelica Sinensis, Large-Left Gentian
Ginger – Warms the body, helps with aches and pains, relieves colds with runny nose
Epsom salt – Alleviates constipation, reduces fatigue, improves sleep
Vinegar – Improves foot odor, prevents fungal infections, enhances circulation
Lemon juice – Works as a natural exfoliant to remove calluses
Mugwort – Good for tired and swollen feet (Roman centurions used mugwort inside their shoes to keep their feet healthy!)
The optimal time for foot baths is right before bed, which will have the added benefit of helping you sleep. The best way to follow up a foot bath is with sleep or a foot massage.
Resources:
https://www.verywellhealth.com/mugwort-benefits-side-effects-dosage-and-interactions-4767226#dosage-and-preparation
https://www.bestherbalhealth.com/mugwort-benefits/
https://www.drugs.com/npp/chinese-mugwort.html
Blog References by number
1. Lee MY, Doh EJ, Park CH, et al. Development of SCAR marker for discrimination of Artemisia princeps and A. argyi from other Artemisia herbs. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(4):629-633.16595892
2. Lee MY, Doh EJ, Kim ES, et al. Application of the multiplex PCR method for discrimination of Artemisia iwayomogi from other Artemisia herbs. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(4):685-690.18379063
3. Chen X, Yang YS, Tang JJ. Species-diversified plant cover enhances orchard ecosystem resistance to climatic stress and soil erosion in subtropical hillside. J Zhejiang Univ Sci. 2004;5(10):1191-1198.15362189
4. Li J, Zhao B. Safety concerns about the application of moxa. J Acupunct Tuina Sci. 2010;8(3):145-148.
5. Zheng X, Deng C, Song G, Hu Y. Comparison of essential oil composition of Artemisia argyi leaves at different collection times by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chromatographia. 2004;59(11/12):729-732.
6. Lan MB, Zhang YH, Zheng Y, Yuan HH, Zhao HL, Gao F. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Moxa (Artemisia argyi) leaf. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2010;19(6):1463-1469.
7. Samuel AJ, Kalusalingam A, Chellappan DK, et al. Ethnomedical survey of plants used by the Orang Asli in Kampung Bawong, Perak, West Malaysia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2010;6:5.20137098
8. Adams JD Jr, Garcia C, Lien EJ. A comparison of chinese and american Indian (chumash) medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010;7(2):219-225.18955312
9. Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Natural products: an evolving role in future drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem. 2011;46(10):4769-4807.21889825
10. Kim JH, Kim HK, Jeon SB, et al. New sesquiterpene-monoterpene lactone, artemisolide, isolated from Artemisia argyi. Tetrahedron Letters. 2002;43(35):6205-6208.
11. Ehrman TM, Barlow DJ, Hylands PJ. Phytochemical databases of Chinese herbal constituents and bioactive plant compounds with known target specificities. J Chem Inf Model. 2007;47(2):254-263.17381164
12. Lee SH, Kim HK, Seo JM, et al. Arteminolides B, C, and D, new inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase from Artemisia argyi. J Org Chem. 2002;67(22):7670-7675.12398488
13. Pan JG, Xu ZL, Ji L. Chemical studies on essential oils from 6 Artemisia species [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992;17(12):741-744, 764.1304756
14. Li N, Mao Y, Deng C, Zhang X. Separation and identification of volatile constituents in Artemisia argyi flowers by GC-MS with SPME and steam distillation. J Chromatogr Sci. 2008;46(5):401-405.18492349
15. Shoemaker M, Hamilton B, Dairkee SH, Cohen I, Campbell MJ. In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs. Phytother Res. 2005;19(7):649-651.16161030
16. Chung HK, Bae EK, Ji HJ, et al. An oligosaccharide fraction from Korean mugwort herb suppresses death of the mouse thymocytes in culture by down-regulating the Fas death receptor gene. Biotechnol Lett. 2003;25(18):1549-1553.14571981
17. Mazzio EA, Soliman KF. In vitro screening for the tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):385-398.18844256
18. Lee SH, Lee MY, Kang HM, et al. Anti-tumor activity of the farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors arteminolides, isolated from Artemisa. Bioorg Med Chem. 2003;11(21):4545-4549.14527550
19. Adams M, Efferth T, Bauer R. Activity-guided isolation of scopoletin and isoscopoletin, the inhibitory active principles towards CCRF-CEM leukaemia cells and multi-drug resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells, from Artemisia argyi. Planta Med. 2006;72(9):862-864.16881019
20. McGovern PE, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Wang W, Dukes F, Davidson T, El-Deiry WS. Anticancer activity of botanical compounds in ancient fermented beverages (review). Int J Oncol. 2010;37(1):5-14.20514391
21. Lv W, Sheng X, Chen T, Xu Q, Xie X. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis in human ovary cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2008;2008:394802.18769496
22. Kim MJ, Kim DH, Lee KW, Yoon DY, Surh YJ. Jaceosidin induces apoptosis in ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells through generation of reactive oxygen species. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1095:483-495.17404061
23. Jeong MA, Lee KW, Yoon DY, Lee HJ. Jaceosidin, a pharmacologically active flavone derived from Artemisia argyi, inhibits phorbol-ester-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 by blocking phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2 in cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1095:458-466.17404058
24. Lee HG, Yu KA, Oh WK, et al. Inhibitory effect of jaceosidin isolated from Artemisia argyi on the function of E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV 16. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;98(3):339-343.15814270
25. Nakasugi T, Nakashima M, Komai K. Antimutagens in gaiyou (Artemisia argyi levl. et vant.). J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(8):3256-3266.10956099
26. Seo JM, Kang HM, Son KH, et al. Antitumor activity of flavones isolated from Artemisia argyi. Planta Med. 2003;69(3):218-222.12677524
27. Han J, Anji H, Zhixue X, et al. Anti-fatigue effect of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi. Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Yixue Ban). 2005;26(3):373-374, 390.
28. Wenqiang G, Shufen L, Ruixiang Y, Yanfeng H. Comparison of composition and antifungal activity of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant inflorescence essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide. Nat Prod Res. 2006;20(11):992-998.17032625
29. Liao H, Banbury LK, Leach DN. Antioxidant activity of 45 Chinese herbs and the relationship with their TCM characteristics. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008;5(4):429-434.18955214
30. Jung DY, Park SW. Cytotoxicity of water fraction of Artemisia argyi against L1210 cells and antioxidant enzyme activities. Yakhak Hoeji. 2002;46(1):39-46.
31. Zhong Y, Cui S. Effective chemical constituents of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant for inhibition of platelet aggregation [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992;17(6):353-354, 383.1418579
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